Ecology - AP Biology
Card 1 of 2002
Which is not true of endothermic organisms?
Which is not true of endothermic organisms?
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Endotherms regulate their body temperature, keeping it within a narrow range. To do this, they require a large amount of energy (food), more than exotherms which do not regulate their own body temperature and thus have a lower energy requirement.
Endotherms regulate their body temperature, keeping it within a narrow range. To do this, they require a large amount of energy (food), more than exotherms which do not regulate their own body temperature and thus have a lower energy requirement.
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Which is true of ectotherms?
Which is true of ectotherms?
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Ectotherms do not regulate their body temperature; their body temperature fluctuates due to their external environment.
Ectotherms do not regulate their body temperature; their body temperature fluctuates due to their external environment.
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A seed that normally plants itself in the countryside is carried by the wind and plants itself in a forest. There, the seed grows and multiplies, competitively excluding many other native plant species. In the forest, this seed is an example of which of the following?
A seed that normally plants itself in the countryside is carried by the wind and plants itself in a forest. There, the seed grows and multiplies, competitively excluding many other native plant species. In the forest, this seed is an example of which of the following?
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Invasive species are organisms that become established outside their native range. In this example, the seed’s native range is the countryside. However, when it is carried by the wind to the forest (an environment outside its native range), it plants itself and establishes a population there. The seed is an example of an invasive species.
Invasive species are organisms that become established outside their native range. In this example, the seed’s native range is the countryside. However, when it is carried by the wind to the forest (an environment outside its native range), it plants itself and establishes a population there. The seed is an example of an invasive species.
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Which type of succession would be likely to occur in an area that has recently experienced a wildfire?
Which type of succession would be likely to occur in an area that has recently experienced a wildfire?
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Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. Secondary succession occurs in an area that had previously been inhabited but experienced a disturbance, such as a wildfire. In this scenario, there still would be soil.
Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. Secondary succession occurs in an area that had previously been inhabited but experienced a disturbance, such as a wildfire. In this scenario, there still would be soil.
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In an area with primary succession occurring, which type of wildlife would be likely to grow first?
In an area with primary succession occurring, which type of wildlife would be likely to grow first?
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Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. The first organisms to grow (called pioneer species) are fast growing, hardy species.
Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. The first organisms to grow (called pioneer species) are fast growing, hardy species.
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Where would primary succession likely occur?
Where would primary succession likely occur?
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Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. Secondary succession occurs in an area that had previously been inhabited but experienced a disturbance, such as a wildfire. The newly created volcanic island has no previous life, and is made of rock, devoid of soil.
Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. Secondary succession occurs in an area that had previously been inhabited but experienced a disturbance, such as a wildfire. The newly created volcanic island has no previous life, and is made of rock, devoid of soil.
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During primary succession, when are pioneer species likely to be found in an environment?
During primary succession, when are pioneer species likely to be found in an environment?
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Pioneer species are the first species to colonize an environment, and thus would be found in the early stages of succession.
Pioneer species are the first species to colonize an environment, and thus would be found in the early stages of succession.
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Which would not be a cause of secondary succession?
Which would not be a cause of secondary succession?
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Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. Secondary succession occurs in an area that had previously been inhabited but experienced a disturbance, such as a lava flow. Secondary succession occurs in environments that have been distrubed, but have some remaining soil and vegetation.
Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. Secondary succession occurs in an area that had previously been inhabited but experienced a disturbance, such as a lava flow. Secondary succession occurs in environments that have been distrubed, but have some remaining soil and vegetation.
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The first species to inhabit an area after a disruption area called
The first species to inhabit an area after a disruption area called
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The first species to inhabit an area that has been disrupted are called pioneer species. This is true in both primary and secondary succession. These pioneer species are hardy species that can withstand harsh conditions.
The first species to inhabit an area that has been disrupted are called pioneer species. This is true in both primary and secondary succession. These pioneer species are hardy species that can withstand harsh conditions.
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Which is true of ectotherms?
Which is true of ectotherms?
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Ectotherms do not regulate their body temperature; their body temperature fluctuates due to their external environment.
Ectotherms do not regulate their body temperature; their body temperature fluctuates due to their external environment.
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Which is not a method that endotherms may use to regulate their body temperature in a cold environment?
Which is not a method that endotherms may use to regulate their body temperature in a cold environment?
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Vasodilation allows more heat to escape via the blood vessels. Thus, in a cold environment, this would be counterproductive. Vasoconstriction shrinks the blood vessels so that less heat escape. Shivering thermogenesis produces heat by converting ATP to kinetic energy. Thermoregulation is the term describing organisms maintaining their internal body temperature.
Vasodilation allows more heat to escape via the blood vessels. Thus, in a cold environment, this would be counterproductive. Vasoconstriction shrinks the blood vessels so that less heat escape. Shivering thermogenesis produces heat by converting ATP to kinetic energy. Thermoregulation is the term describing organisms maintaining their internal body temperature.
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Of the following, which is the most likely to affect the population growth of species in a density-dependent manner?
Of the following, which is the most likely to affect the population growth of species in a density-dependent manner?
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Disease is a biotic factor, while the other choices are abiotic factors. Density-dependent factors are biotic in nature, and may involve things such as mating, food, competition, and disease. Density dependent factors will affect different populations differently depending on how many organisms are present in a given area. In the case of disease, consider that the flu will spread more easily in a densely-populated city than it will in a loosely-populated desert.
The other answer options will affect a population the same, regardless of density, because they affect large areas with the same magnitude.
Disease is a biotic factor, while the other choices are abiotic factors. Density-dependent factors are biotic in nature, and may involve things such as mating, food, competition, and disease. Density dependent factors will affect different populations differently depending on how many organisms are present in a given area. In the case of disease, consider that the flu will spread more easily in a densely-populated city than it will in a loosely-populated desert.
The other answer options will affect a population the same, regardless of density, because they affect large areas with the same magnitude.
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Which pattern of dispersion is a result of territoriality?
Which pattern of dispersion is a result of territoriality?
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A clumped pattern of dispersion occurs when individuals aggregate in patches. For example, a herd of cows all graze in a field together, as it is their only source of food within five miles. Uniform dispersion is when organisms are evenly spaced throughout a given area. This results from territoriality, or when organisms defend their physical space against other organisms. Random dispersion is the unpredictable spacing of organisms throughout a given area. There are no strong attractions or repulsions among individuals that would result in clumped or uniform dispersion; the animals are scattered randomly.
A clumped pattern of dispersion occurs when individuals aggregate in patches. For example, a herd of cows all graze in a field together, as it is their only source of food within five miles. Uniform dispersion is when organisms are evenly spaced throughout a given area. This results from territoriality, or when organisms defend their physical space against other organisms. Random dispersion is the unpredictable spacing of organisms throughout a given area. There are no strong attractions or repulsions among individuals that would result in clumped or uniform dispersion; the animals are scattered randomly.
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Life tables are created to show survival patterns in a population. They are created based on the observations of which of the following?
Life tables are created to show survival patterns in a population. They are created based on the observations of which of the following?
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Life tables are summaries of the survival patterns of a population. They are constructed using cohorts (groups of individuals of similar age). By following and observing these individuals from birth until death, researchers can make life tables and plot survivorship cures, showing the number of cohorts alive over their lifetimes.
Life tables are summaries of the survival patterns of a population. They are constructed using cohorts (groups of individuals of similar age). By following and observing these individuals from birth until death, researchers can make life tables and plot survivorship cures, showing the number of cohorts alive over their lifetimes.
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A certain grassland ecosystem consists of grasses that grow on the plains, mice that eat the grains the grasses produce, weasels that eat both the grass and the mice, and hawks that eat the weasels.
Which of these species will account for the smallest proportion of the biomass of this ecosystem?
A certain grassland ecosystem consists of grasses that grow on the plains, mice that eat the grains the grasses produce, weasels that eat both the grass and the mice, and hawks that eat the weasels.
Which of these species will account for the smallest proportion of the biomass of this ecosystem?
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Trophic energy levels show reduced biomass as you go up a food chain from producer, to consumer, to secondary consumer, and so on due to the loss of energy as heat. The hawks, as a secondary consumer, will have the smallest amount of proportional biomass compared to the other species.
Trophic energy levels show reduced biomass as you go up a food chain from producer, to consumer, to secondary consumer, and so on due to the loss of energy as heat. The hawks, as a secondary consumer, will have the smallest amount of proportional biomass compared to the other species.
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In a certain food web, rabbits and turtles both feed off of grass. To what trophic level do the rabbits belong?
In a certain food web, rabbits and turtles both feed off of grass. To what trophic level do the rabbits belong?
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Producers are always the lowest level of a trophic hierarchy, and consist of the autotrophs in the system. Organisms that feed off of producers are considered primary consumers.
In this example, the grasses are the producers. Both the rabbits and the turtles will be primary consumers.
An organism that feeds on primary consumers is considered a secondary consumer.
Producers are always the lowest level of a trophic hierarchy, and consist of the autotrophs in the system. Organisms that feed off of producers are considered primary consumers.
In this example, the grasses are the producers. Both the rabbits and the turtles will be primary consumers.
An organism that feeds on primary consumers is considered a secondary consumer.
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A is considered an autotroph, whereas a is considered a heterotroph.
A is considered an autotroph, whereas a is considered a heterotroph.
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Autotrophs are organisms that are capable of generating biological energy from inorganic sources, such as sunlight in the case of photoautotrophs. Cyanobacteria are thought to be the prokaryotic precursor to chloroplasts through the endosymbiotic theory because they are able to perform photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria are, thus, photoautotrophs. Green algae are another type of photoautotroph.
Heterotrophs use organic materials from the environment to general energy. Animals are heterotrophs, including cows.
Saprotrophs, many of which are fungi, gain nutrients from decaying organic material. Mushrooms are saprotrophs.
Autotrophs are organisms that are capable of generating biological energy from inorganic sources, such as sunlight in the case of photoautotrophs. Cyanobacteria are thought to be the prokaryotic precursor to chloroplasts through the endosymbiotic theory because they are able to perform photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria are, thus, photoautotrophs. Green algae are another type of photoautotroph.
Heterotrophs use organic materials from the environment to general energy. Animals are heterotrophs, including cows.
Saprotrophs, many of which are fungi, gain nutrients from decaying organic material. Mushrooms are saprotrophs.
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A plant would be categorized in which trophic level?
A plant would be categorized in which trophic level?
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Plants make up the bottom trophic level: the producers. This is because plants produce energy through photosynthesis. They do not have to eat other organisms to obtain energy, they make their own using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.
Plants make up the bottom trophic level: the producers. This is because plants produce energy through photosynthesis. They do not have to eat other organisms to obtain energy, they make their own using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.
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An animal that eats plants and seeds is a .
An animal that eats plants and seeds is a .
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Herbivores are plant-eating organisms. They are classified in the primary consumer trophic level. An easy way to remember this is to break down the word. Herbs are types of plants, so when we see “herb” in herbivore think of plants. Carnivores eat other animals. Autotrophs and producers need not eat anything to get energy, rather, they make their own.
Herbivores are plant-eating organisms. They are classified in the primary consumer trophic level. An easy way to remember this is to break down the word. Herbs are types of plants, so when we see “herb” in herbivore think of plants. Carnivores eat other animals. Autotrophs and producers need not eat anything to get energy, rather, they make their own.
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The latin name (binomial nomenclature) of organisms consists of which two classifications?
The latin name (binomial nomenclature) of organisms consists of which two classifications?
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The latin name consists of the genus and species of the organism. These are the most specific of the taxonomic classifications. The taxonomic classifications are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
The latin name consists of the genus and species of the organism. These are the most specific of the taxonomic classifications. The taxonomic classifications are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
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