Migration, Settlement, and Demography from Prehistory to 600 BCE - AP World History: Modern

The Bantu migration spread the Bantu language from Western Central Africa throughout the continent. This represented one of the greatest migrations of early history, and through this process Bantu influence spread throughout the sub-Saharan region.

Human beings are descended from aquatic creatures, but that is not the reason early human civilizations settled in river valleys. Human civilization began in river valleys because silt and irrigation allowed for expanded agricultural production which led to a food surplus, especially when fish and fowl were plentiful. With a surplus comes a diversity of economic activity, like using the river as a highway to trade with far away communities. A food surplus, long distance trade, and a diversity of economic activity made record keeping necessary, which eventually became literacy.

You must pay careful attention to the time period. Only Çatalhöyük existed during that specific time frame in the Neolithic Period.

Your clues here are the reference to the Harrapan Culture, which is also known as the Indus River Valley Civilization, Mohenjo-Daro is the most well known site of this Bronze Age people, and the undeciphered pictographic script. The second alone would not be much of a hint but taken together these two things provide you with your answer.

The Persian empire repeatedly attacked Greek cities and colonies on its border for hundreds of years, including Sinope, which they conquered in the 4th century (when Diogenes was a young man).

The Trojan war, a semi-historical conflict, occurred centuries before Sinope and did not include Persians as factions.

The Greek war of independence occurred in the 20th century, thousands of years after Diogenes.

Although plague was common in the ancient world, the Black Death was a nearly world wide plague in the Middle Ages, thousands of years after the classical period (during which Diogenes was forced to abandon Sinope.)

Today, Sinope is a city in Turkey but the Turks did not conquer it until the Middle Ages.

The Etruscans were a community indigenous to the Italian peninsula conquered Rome early in its existence. Although Rome was able to overthrow them eventually, Rome's subjection left an indelible mark on the Roman psyche.

The Etruscans spread their culture to the Romans, but through military expansion, not pacifistic expansion.

The Etruscans were not involved the Trojan war.

The Etruscans had been assimilated by the Romans by the time that the Eastern Roman empire came into existence.

The Roman army developed the maniple system of fighting long after the Etruscans disappeared as an independent, and cohesive, cultural group.

Scientists who study the Oceanic fossil and archaeological records believe that human beings arrived 40,000-60,000 years ago.

In the thousands of years since then, large migrations have added different peoples.

European contact with Oceania, on the other hand, goes back only a few hundred years.

Yu the Great is the legendary figure who is thought to have founded the Xia Dynasty, and by extension, China. The Xia Dynasty is the first dynasty in Chinese history (it actually predates written history).

Early Neolithic societies were generally ruled either by the strongest warriors or by religious figures who claimed to speak for the Gods. Often these two groups (priests and warriors) ruled together in tandem. Early human society relied heavily on religious figures to protect their crops, explain the universe, and speak to the Gods on their behalf.

The history of ancient Egypt is divided into three periods called The Old Kingdom, The Middle Kingdom, and The New Kingdom.

The first human settlers in North America arrived during the most recent ice age. They crossed over a land bridge in the Bering Strait from Asia to modern-day Alaska. This took place approximately fifteen thousand years ago. From there human beings rapidly migrated and settled across the whole of the Americas.

King Menes, who lived circa 3,100 BCE, is famous for the unification of Ancient Egypt. Menes ruled over the majority of what is called Lower Egypt and over the course of his reign conquered Upper Egypt and united the two regions into the Kingdom of Egypt.

The Paleolithic Era refers to the history of humanity before the Agricultural Revolution. During the Paleolithic Era the vast majority of humans lived in small, nomadic group of hunter-gatherers. Society could not yet support large groups and agriculture was not developed until the Neolithic Revolution circa ten thousand years ago.

The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt existed from 2,050 BCE until 1,800 BCE It was a time of relatively weak leadership in Egypt and is generally less noteworthy than the Old or New Kingdoms. The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt collapsed following the invasion of the Hyksos people. The Hyksos were able to easily conquer the Egyptians, but they did not have an easy time ruling. After one hundred years of Hyksos rule, the Egyptians rebelled and overthrew their conquerors, thus establishing the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt.

Hominids are one of the earliest species that are thought to be precursors to human beings. They first emerged in southeast Africa approximately three million years ago.

Homo Sapiens, or modern humans (at least in terms of their evolution), are thought to have first appeared approximately two hundred thousand years ago in Sub-Saharan Africa. From there they eventually spread across the whole planet.

The Bantu Expansion is a term used to describe the migration of people with a common language across the continent of Africa. The Bantu language family developed in West Africa over tens of thousands of years. Approximately three thousand years ago the Bantu Expansion began as people began migrating south and east.

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were the two major cities of the bronze age Indus Valley civilization (also sometimes called the Harappan civilization).

The Aryans arrived on the Indian subcontinent in 1,500 BCE. The Aryans were a nomadic people who had come from either Europe, Iran, or Central Asia, or possibly a combination of all three. They established the caste system in India and ensured that they would be placed at the top of the social hierarchy.