Synonyms: Adjectives Describing Time, Age, Location, and Movement - ISEE Upper Level: Verbal Reasoning

Since "archaic" is an adjective that means "very old," we're looking for another adjective that has to do with age, and specifically means "old." Of the possible choices, both "inchoate" and "antediluvian" have to do with age, but whereas "inchoate" means "not fully formed or developed; rudimentary," "antediluvian" means "of or belonging to the time before the biblical Flood," or less specifically, "very old." (You can figure out this meaning by looking at the word's component parts: the prefix "ante-" means "before," and "diluvian" suggests something to do with water (think of "dilute," and "deluge," for instance). So, the correct answer is "antediluvian."

An example of when to use the word temperate is to describe climate. A temperate area would be between the tropics and arctic. Thus, it has a moderate temperature and weather; it is not excessively hot or cold.

The word “bucolic” pertains to things of the countryside, as the word comes from the Greek and Latin for “herdsman.” The word “pastoral” is often used in religious contexts to describe someone who takes care of religious matters, particularly interpersonal ones. The word took on this meaning through its association with the idea of such a person being a “good shepherd;” therefore, the best match for bucolic would be “pastoral.” Note that while bucolic often is used as an adjective, as in “a bucolic landscape,” it can also be used as a noun meaning a type of poem that pertains to country life.

"Passé" is an adjective that means "no longer fashionable; out of date," so we need to pick out an adjective that means something like "no longer fashionable" or "out of date." "Modern," then cannot be the correct answer because "modern" is an antonym of "passé," not a synonym. "Outdated," however, is an adjective that means "out of date; obsolete," and because it is the answer choir that is closest in meaning to "passé," "outdated" is the correct answer.

Do not confuse the word “imminent” with “immanent,” which means “being within something” or “innate.” The word “imminent” means “something that will occur very soon.” For instance, it would be used in a sentence like, “While many believed that another world war was unlikely to happen in the next several months, John sincerely thought such a danger was imminent.”

"Nascent" is an adjective that means "just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential," and is especially used to refer to a process or organization. So, we need to pick out an answer choice that means something lie "just coming into existence." "Experienced," then, cannot be the correct answer, because "experienced" means "having knowledge or skill in a particular field, especially a profession or job, gained over a period of time," making "experienced" an antonym of "nascent," not a synonym. "Incipient," however, is an adjective that means either "in an initial stage; beginning to happen or develop," or when used of a person, "developing into a specified type or role." Because "incipient" is the answer choice closest in meaning to "nascent," "incipient" is the correct answer.

The word “indigenous” means “native to a given location” or at least coming from that place. For instance, one can speak of the “indigenous people” living in Australia as opposed to the British settlers who later arrived there. Do not confuse the word “indigenous” with “indigent,” which means “poor” or “needy.”

When people become weak as they age, they reach a point at which they are often called “senile.” This often implies not merely physical weakness but more often imply mental weakness and disability. While the options “insane” and “crazed” might tempt you, the best option is the simple “feeble.” The other two options are more than mental feebleness but could indicate a pathology that is unrelated to aging. In the American system of government, “senators” are given that name because they are supposed to be the “old men,” wiser than more youthful representatives.

Perhaps you have heard of “salsa verde,” or green salsa. The word “verdant” is related to the word for green in Latin as well as Spanish ("verde") and French ("vert"). It means green with plant growth, usually describing the countryside. In some translations of the Bible, one finds the expression, “in verdant pastures,” describing the location of the shepherd’s work. This means in green, lively pastures. Thus, among the options provided, “lush” is the best, as it means growing to a great degree.

There may be many meanings that come to mind when thinking of the word “eternal,” but only the idea of “timelessness” is most appropriate. It literally means “having no beginning or end in time.” This is the only acceptable answer among those provided.

"Derelict" means deserted, vacant or abandoned. "Sparse" means very few or scattered. "Somber" means sad or depressing. "Gaudy" means flashy or tastelessly showy. "Dauntless" means bold or courageous.

"Extant" and "contemporary" both mean existing in the present. "Extinct" means dead or obsolete. "Diffident" means hesitant or unconfident. "Ephemeral" means momentary or passing. "Equivocal" means doubtful or uncertain.

"Bucolic" and "pastoral" both mean agrarian or rural. "Metropolitan" means urban or municipal. "Counterfeit" means fake or simulated. "Recondite" means mysterious or obscure. "Mettlesome" means brave or spirited.

"Spontaneous" and "impromptu" both mean impulsive or unplanned. "Deliberate" means intentional or calculated. "Premeditated" means planned or intended. "Contentious" means quarrelsome or combative. "Importune" means to demand or insist.

"Agrarian" is an adjective that means pertaining to the countryside or farmers. The best choice is "rustic" because it shares the meaning of pertaining to the countryside. Considering the other choices, "angry" is not appropriate because it means expressing anger, "trite" means meaningless due to overuse . "Growing" and "natural" may each seem like good answer choices because they have connotations related to farms and farming, but "rustic" is the answer choice closest in meaning to "agrarian," so it is the correct answer.

The word "young" is an adjective that means being in the early stages of growth or immature. The best choice here is "juvenile" since it shares the same definition as "young"—immature. Considering the other choices, "ill" is an adjective that means physically sick, "excessive" means being in too large of a quantity or more than is needed, "idyllic" means ideally charming or romantic, and "belligerent" means eager to fight.

“Transitory” means impermanent or not lasting, so "impermanent" is the correct answer. As for the other answer choices, “nomadic” means living a lifestyle in which one wanders and does not live in one place; "expedited" means hastened; "foreign" means originating in a country different from one's own; and “explosive” means volatile or likely to explode like a bomb.

“Wizened” means very old and wrinkled with age, so "aged" is the correct answer. As for the other answer choices, “sage” means wise when used as an adjective; “serene” means quiet and peaceful; “lofty” means high and proud; and “haughty” means arrogant.

“Wanton” means random, but it also can mean cruel and malicious. Most commonly it is used to mean random and destructive, so "random" is the correct answer. As for the other answer choices, “mercurial” means changing emotions, decisions, or plans on a whim; “predictable” means easily anticipated; “dormant” means inactive or asleep; and “overzealous” means too passionate or overly enthusiastic.