Nervous System and Nervous Tissue - MCAT Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems
Card 0 of 1016
When a neuron is unable to produce another action potential no matter how much stimulation is provided, what period is the neuron said to be in?
When a neuron is unable to produce another action potential no matter how much stimulation is provided, what period is the neuron said to be in?
During the absolute refractory period, no action potential can occur. In the relative refractory period, an action potential can occur with more stimulation than is normally required.
During the absolute refractory period, no action potential can occur. In the relative refractory period, an action potential can occur with more stimulation than is normally required.
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The heart contains autorhythmic cells, which can generate an action potential on their own. These cells then spread the action potential throughout the heart, resulting in a contraction. Which of the following mechanisms is an explanation for why these cells can spontaneously generate action potentials?
The heart contains autorhythmic cells, which can generate an action potential on their own. These cells then spread the action potential throughout the heart, resulting in a contraction. Which of the following mechanisms is an explanation for why these cells can spontaneously generate action potentials?
Remember that an action potential starts with the diffusion of sodium into the cell. As more sodium enters the cell, more voltage gated sodium channels open up. This leads to depolarization of the cell. With a steady diffusion of sodium into the cell, the threshold stimulus will eventually be attained, and an action potential will be generated. It is the steady diffusion of sodium into the autorhythmic cells which results in an action potential.
Remember that an action potential starts with the diffusion of sodium into the cell. As more sodium enters the cell, more voltage gated sodium channels open up. This leads to depolarization of the cell. With a steady diffusion of sodium into the cell, the threshold stimulus will eventually be attained, and an action potential will be generated. It is the steady diffusion of sodium into the autorhythmic cells which results in an action potential.
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A patient who is unable to modulate his own ventilation and heart rate may be suffering damage to which part of his brain?
A patient who is unable to modulate his own ventilation and heart rate may be suffering damage to which part of his brain?
The medulla oblongata, a part of the hindbrain, is primarily responsible for the control of ventilation and heart rate. The midbrain serves as a relay station for visual and auditory information. The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. The corpus callosum is a connective tissue between the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for their intercommunication. The temporal lobes are primarily responsible for auditory processing. Therefore, the patient is most likely suffering from a damage to the medulla oblongata.
The medulla oblongata, a part of the hindbrain, is primarily responsible for the control of ventilation and heart rate. The midbrain serves as a relay station for visual and auditory information. The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. The corpus callosum is a connective tissue between the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for their intercommunication. The temporal lobes are primarily responsible for auditory processing. Therefore, the patient is most likely suffering from a damage to the medulla oblongata.
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Which of the following structures is not responsible for transmitting information to the acoustic nerve?
Which of the following structures is not responsible for transmitting information to the acoustic nerve?
The cochlear and vestibular nerves join to form the auditory nerve. The crista are specialized hair cells that help in postural equilibrium and send information via the vestibular nerve. The incus is one of the three auditory bones (the others include the malleus and the stapes), the motion of which is part of sound reception. This information is transmitted via the cochlear nerve. Finally, the cochlea is the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that translates movement into vibrations (also involved in sound reception). All of the given structures take part in transmitting information to the acoustic nerve.
The cochlear and vestibular nerves join to form the auditory nerve. The crista are specialized hair cells that help in postural equilibrium and send information via the vestibular nerve. The incus is one of the three auditory bones (the others include the malleus and the stapes), the motion of which is part of sound reception. This information is transmitted via the cochlear nerve. Finally, the cochlea is the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that translates movement into vibrations (also involved in sound reception). All of the given structures take part in transmitting information to the acoustic nerve.
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Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to which type(s) of stimulus?
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to which type(s) of stimulus?
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to mechanical force, temperature change, and tissue damage. Nociception is the processing of pain signals, which could result from any of these stimuli.
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to mechanical force, temperature change, and tissue damage. Nociception is the processing of pain signals, which could result from any of these stimuli.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
When a neuron is unable to produce another action potential no matter how much stimulation is provided, what period is the neuron said to be in?
When a neuron is unable to produce another action potential no matter how much stimulation is provided, what period is the neuron said to be in?
During the absolute refractory period, no action potential can occur. In the relative refractory period, an action potential can occur with more stimulation than is normally required.
During the absolute refractory period, no action potential can occur. In the relative refractory period, an action potential can occur with more stimulation than is normally required.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The heart contains autorhythmic cells, which can generate an action potential on their own. These cells then spread the action potential throughout the heart, resulting in a contraction. Which of the following mechanisms is an explanation for why these cells can spontaneously generate action potentials?
The heart contains autorhythmic cells, which can generate an action potential on their own. These cells then spread the action potential throughout the heart, resulting in a contraction. Which of the following mechanisms is an explanation for why these cells can spontaneously generate action potentials?
Remember that an action potential starts with the diffusion of sodium into the cell. As more sodium enters the cell, more voltage gated sodium channels open up. This leads to depolarization of the cell. With a steady diffusion of sodium into the cell, the threshold stimulus will eventually be attained, and an action potential will be generated. It is the steady diffusion of sodium into the autorhythmic cells which results in an action potential.
Remember that an action potential starts with the diffusion of sodium into the cell. As more sodium enters the cell, more voltage gated sodium channels open up. This leads to depolarization of the cell. With a steady diffusion of sodium into the cell, the threshold stimulus will eventually be attained, and an action potential will be generated. It is the steady diffusion of sodium into the autorhythmic cells which results in an action potential.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
A patient who is unable to modulate his own ventilation and heart rate may be suffering damage to which part of his brain?
A patient who is unable to modulate his own ventilation and heart rate may be suffering damage to which part of his brain?
The medulla oblongata, a part of the hindbrain, is primarily responsible for the control of ventilation and heart rate. The midbrain serves as a relay station for visual and auditory information. The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. The corpus callosum is a connective tissue between the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for their intercommunication. The temporal lobes are primarily responsible for auditory processing. Therefore, the patient is most likely suffering from a damage to the medulla oblongata.
The medulla oblongata, a part of the hindbrain, is primarily responsible for the control of ventilation and heart rate. The midbrain serves as a relay station for visual and auditory information. The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. The corpus callosum is a connective tissue between the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for their intercommunication. The temporal lobes are primarily responsible for auditory processing. Therefore, the patient is most likely suffering from a damage to the medulla oblongata.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following structures is not responsible for transmitting information to the acoustic nerve?
Which of the following structures is not responsible for transmitting information to the acoustic nerve?
The cochlear and vestibular nerves join to form the auditory nerve. The crista are specialized hair cells that help in postural equilibrium and send information via the vestibular nerve. The incus is one of the three auditory bones (the others include the malleus and the stapes), the motion of which is part of sound reception. This information is transmitted via the cochlear nerve. Finally, the cochlea is the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that translates movement into vibrations (also involved in sound reception). All of the given structures take part in transmitting information to the acoustic nerve.
The cochlear and vestibular nerves join to form the auditory nerve. The crista are specialized hair cells that help in postural equilibrium and send information via the vestibular nerve. The incus is one of the three auditory bones (the others include the malleus and the stapes), the motion of which is part of sound reception. This information is transmitted via the cochlear nerve. Finally, the cochlea is the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that translates movement into vibrations (also involved in sound reception). All of the given structures take part in transmitting information to the acoustic nerve.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to which type(s) of stimulus?
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to which type(s) of stimulus?
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to mechanical force, temperature change, and tissue damage. Nociception is the processing of pain signals, which could result from any of these stimuli.
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to mechanical force, temperature change, and tissue damage. Nociception is the processing of pain signals, which could result from any of these stimuli.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
When a neuron is unable to produce another action potential no matter how much stimulation is provided, what period is the neuron said to be in?
When a neuron is unable to produce another action potential no matter how much stimulation is provided, what period is the neuron said to be in?
During the absolute refractory period, no action potential can occur. In the relative refractory period, an action potential can occur with more stimulation than is normally required.
During the absolute refractory period, no action potential can occur. In the relative refractory period, an action potential can occur with more stimulation than is normally required.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The heart contains autorhythmic cells, which can generate an action potential on their own. These cells then spread the action potential throughout the heart, resulting in a contraction. Which of the following mechanisms is an explanation for why these cells can spontaneously generate action potentials?
The heart contains autorhythmic cells, which can generate an action potential on their own. These cells then spread the action potential throughout the heart, resulting in a contraction. Which of the following mechanisms is an explanation for why these cells can spontaneously generate action potentials?
Remember that an action potential starts with the diffusion of sodium into the cell. As more sodium enters the cell, more voltage gated sodium channels open up. This leads to depolarization of the cell. With a steady diffusion of sodium into the cell, the threshold stimulus will eventually be attained, and an action potential will be generated. It is the steady diffusion of sodium into the autorhythmic cells which results in an action potential.
Remember that an action potential starts with the diffusion of sodium into the cell. As more sodium enters the cell, more voltage gated sodium channels open up. This leads to depolarization of the cell. With a steady diffusion of sodium into the cell, the threshold stimulus will eventually be attained, and an action potential will be generated. It is the steady diffusion of sodium into the autorhythmic cells which results in an action potential.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
A patient who is unable to modulate his own ventilation and heart rate may be suffering damage to which part of his brain?
A patient who is unable to modulate his own ventilation and heart rate may be suffering damage to which part of his brain?
The medulla oblongata, a part of the hindbrain, is primarily responsible for the control of ventilation and heart rate. The midbrain serves as a relay station for visual and auditory information. The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. The corpus callosum is a connective tissue between the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for their intercommunication. The temporal lobes are primarily responsible for auditory processing. Therefore, the patient is most likely suffering from a damage to the medulla oblongata.
The medulla oblongata, a part of the hindbrain, is primarily responsible for the control of ventilation and heart rate. The midbrain serves as a relay station for visual and auditory information. The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. The corpus callosum is a connective tissue between the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for their intercommunication. The temporal lobes are primarily responsible for auditory processing. Therefore, the patient is most likely suffering from a damage to the medulla oblongata.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following structures is not responsible for transmitting information to the acoustic nerve?
Which of the following structures is not responsible for transmitting information to the acoustic nerve?
The cochlear and vestibular nerves join to form the auditory nerve. The crista are specialized hair cells that help in postural equilibrium and send information via the vestibular nerve. The incus is one of the three auditory bones (the others include the malleus and the stapes), the motion of which is part of sound reception. This information is transmitted via the cochlear nerve. Finally, the cochlea is the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that translates movement into vibrations (also involved in sound reception). All of the given structures take part in transmitting information to the acoustic nerve.
The cochlear and vestibular nerves join to form the auditory nerve. The crista are specialized hair cells that help in postural equilibrium and send information via the vestibular nerve. The incus is one of the three auditory bones (the others include the malleus and the stapes), the motion of which is part of sound reception. This information is transmitted via the cochlear nerve. Finally, the cochlea is the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that translates movement into vibrations (also involved in sound reception). All of the given structures take part in transmitting information to the acoustic nerve.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to which type(s) of stimulus?
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to which type(s) of stimulus?
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to mechanical force, temperature change, and tissue damage. Nociception is the processing of pain signals, which could result from any of these stimuli.
Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to mechanical force, temperature change, and tissue damage. Nociception is the processing of pain signals, which could result from any of these stimuli.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following correctly pairs neuron structure with function?
Which of the following correctly pairs neuron structure with function?
Voltage-gated calcium channels do not cause depolarization in neurons, but are integral to depolarization in muscle. Voltage-gated sodium channels are responsible for neural depolarization; there are no sodium leaky channels in neurons, as these would disrupt the resting potential. Voltage-gated potassium channels actively import potassium, whereas the sodium-potassium pump actively exports potassium. There is no such thing a potassium-calcium pump.
Voltage-gated calcium channels do not cause depolarization in neurons, but are integral to depolarization in muscle. Voltage-gated sodium channels are responsible for neural depolarization; there are no sodium leaky channels in neurons, as these would disrupt the resting potential. Voltage-gated potassium channels actively import potassium, whereas the sodium-potassium pump actively exports potassium. There is no such thing a potassium-calcium pump.
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During an action potential, depolarization is associated with which of the following?
During an action potential, depolarization is associated with which of the following?
During depolarization, voltage-gated sodium channels open and allow a rapid influx of sodium ions. The membrane voltage rises from its resting potential of -70 mV to 35 mV. Depolarization is not associated with endocytosis of neurotransmitters.
During depolarization, voltage-gated sodium channels open and allow a rapid influx of sodium ions. The membrane voltage rises from its resting potential of -70 mV to 35 mV. Depolarization is not associated with endocytosis of neurotransmitters.
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Which of the following refers to the process by which action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to another?
Which of the following refers to the process by which action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to another?
The answer is saltatory conduction. Saltatory conduction is the term used to define the process of action potential jumping described in the question. The other possbilities, while involved in the nervous system and its function, do not adaquately describe the process in question.
The answer is saltatory conduction. Saltatory conduction is the term used to define the process of action potential jumping described in the question. The other possbilities, while involved in the nervous system and its function, do not adaquately describe the process in question.
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In humans, nerve impulses are transmitted with the coordinated action of sodium and potassium ion channels. These channels open in a specific sequence, to allow for membrane potential changes to take place in a directional manner along the length of an axon.
Figure 1 depicts a single phospholipid layer of a cell membrane, and three transmembrane channels important to action potential propagation.
A scientist shows that the protein labeled "1" has a voltage gate, as well as an inactivation gate, while proteins 2 and 3 lack this dual gate architecture. What ion is most likely to be controlled by protein 1?
In humans, nerve impulses are transmitted with the coordinated action of sodium and potassium ion channels. These channels open in a specific sequence, to allow for membrane potential changes to take place in a directional manner along the length of an axon.
Figure 1 depicts a single phospholipid layer of a cell membrane, and three transmembrane channels important to action potential propagation.
A scientist shows that the protein labeled "1" has a voltage gate, as well as an inactivation gate, while proteins 2 and 3 lack this dual gate architecture. What ion is most likely to be controlled by protein 1?
Sodium channels have an inactivation gate, as well as a voltage gate. This allows the sodium channels to be turned off, even while voltage changes persist, thereby facilitating repolarization. This dual gate structure also causes the refractory period.
Sodium channels have an inactivation gate, as well as a voltage gate. This allows the sodium channels to be turned off, even while voltage changes persist, thereby facilitating repolarization. This dual gate structure also causes the refractory period.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
In humans, nerve impulses are transmitted with the coordinated action of sodium and potassium ion channels. These channels open in a specific sequence, to allow for membrane potential changes to take place in a directional manner along the length of an axon.
Figure 1 depicts a single phospholipid layer of a cell membrane, and three transmembrane channels important to action potential propagation.
The protein labeled "2" in the diagram facilitates repolarization following the peak of an action potential. What ion is most likely to be controlled by this protein channel?
In humans, nerve impulses are transmitted with the coordinated action of sodium and potassium ion channels. These channels open in a specific sequence, to allow for membrane potential changes to take place in a directional manner along the length of an axon.
Figure 1 depicts a single phospholipid layer of a cell membrane, and three transmembrane channels important to action potential propagation.
The protein labeled "2" in the diagram facilitates repolarization following the peak of an action potential. What ion is most likely to be controlled by this protein channel?
Potassium is the major species that repolarizes a neuron following depolarization. After sodium has entered the cell to create depolarization, repolarization is driven by potassium ion efflux.
Potassium is the major species that repolarizes a neuron following depolarization. After sodium has entered the cell to create depolarization, repolarization is driven by potassium ion efflux.
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