Other Conditions - NCLEX-PN
Card 1 of 540
Eye lubricants are used for all but the following:
Eye lubricants are used for all but the following:
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Eye lubricants are not used to achieve miosis during eye surgery. Eye lubricants are frequently used to treat dry eyes in cases where tears need to be replaced, to moisten contact lenses, or to protect eyes during surgery.
Eye lubricants are not used to achieve miosis during eye surgery. Eye lubricants are frequently used to treat dry eyes in cases where tears need to be replaced, to moisten contact lenses, or to protect eyes during surgery.
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Which of the following regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is false?
Which of the following regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is false?
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HIV may be contagious just days after the host is infected. Women in heterosexual relationships may become infected more easily than men due to prolonged exposure to bodily fluids. It is however, possible for men to contract HIV from an infected woman. HIV is not frequently transmitted to health care professionals. Even for those who suffer from needle-stick injuries, transmission is unlikely.
HIV may be contagious just days after the host is infected. Women in heterosexual relationships may become infected more easily than men due to prolonged exposure to bodily fluids. It is however, possible for men to contract HIV from an infected woman. HIV is not frequently transmitted to health care professionals. Even for those who suffer from needle-stick injuries, transmission is unlikely.
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Symptoms of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) typically occur within how long after infection?
Symptoms of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) typically occur within how long after infection?
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Symptoms of acute HIV generally occur 2-4 weeks after infection. A vast array of symptoms may be present such as fever, rash, generalized fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a sore throat.
Symptoms of acute HIV generally occur 2-4 weeks after infection. A vast array of symptoms may be present such as fever, rash, generalized fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a sore throat.
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The nurse prepares to insert a peripheral venous catheter (PVC). Which of the following is an incorrect step in this process?
The nurse prepares to insert a peripheral venous catheter (PVC). Which of the following is an incorrect step in this process?
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The catheter needle must be inserted bevel up at an angle between 10 to 30 degrees. The correct steps for inserting an peripheral venous catheter (PVC) are: 1) explain procedure and check identity, 2) prepare equipment at the bedside on clean surface, 3) apply appropriate personal protective equipment as needed, 4) distend veins by applying tourniquet 4-6 inches above site, 5) clean site with facility-approved cleaning solution, 6) hold skin taut to stabilize vein, 7) insert catheter bevel up at an angle between 10 and 30 degrees, 8) pierce skin and vessel to enter vein, 9) advance catheter until blood return observed, then remove tourniquet, 10) withdraw needle from catheter and advance catheter to hub, 11) secure catheter with tape or facility-approved dressing, 12) attach IV tubing and begin infusion, 13) assess for complications including infiltration or hematoma.
The catheter needle must be inserted bevel up at an angle between 10 to 30 degrees. The correct steps for inserting an peripheral venous catheter (PVC) are: 1) explain procedure and check identity, 2) prepare equipment at the bedside on clean surface, 3) apply appropriate personal protective equipment as needed, 4) distend veins by applying tourniquet 4-6 inches above site, 5) clean site with facility-approved cleaning solution, 6) hold skin taut to stabilize vein, 7) insert catheter bevel up at an angle between 10 and 30 degrees, 8) pierce skin and vessel to enter vein, 9) advance catheter until blood return observed, then remove tourniquet, 10) withdraw needle from catheter and advance catheter to hub, 11) secure catheter with tape or facility-approved dressing, 12) attach IV tubing and begin infusion, 13) assess for complications including infiltration or hematoma.
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The surgical nurse cares for a patient status post umbilical herniorraphy. Which of the following nursing interventions is a priority for the nurse?
The surgical nurse cares for a patient status post umbilical herniorraphy. Which of the following nursing interventions is a priority for the nurse?
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All of these are important nursing interventions for a post-op herniorraphy patient. The priority is to prevent increasing intraabdominal pressure. Relieving urinary retention and avoiding coughing are the most important considerations to achieve this priority, but it is most important for the nurse to remember to avoid coughing, as it is most likely to increase intraabdominal pressure. It is also important to remember because it is often promoted for other post-operative procedures, and this is one case where it is not.
All of these are important nursing interventions for a post-op herniorraphy patient. The priority is to prevent increasing intraabdominal pressure. Relieving urinary retention and avoiding coughing are the most important considerations to achieve this priority, but it is most important for the nurse to remember to avoid coughing, as it is most likely to increase intraabdominal pressure. It is also important to remember because it is often promoted for other post-operative procedures, and this is one case where it is not.
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The community health nurse educates a group of young boys who are learning about hiking safety. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is not effective for preventing Lyme disease?
The community health nurse educates a group of young boys who are learning about hiking safety. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is not effective for preventing Lyme disease?
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Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated for the prevention of Lyme disease. Antibiotics will be used after a tick bite when symptoms develop and an infection is suspected. The community health nurse should teach rules of prevention, including 1) knowing where Lyme disease is prevalent (New England, upper Midwest, mid-Atlantic states), 2) wearing long sleeves and long pants, covering as much skin as possible with clothing, 3) using insect repellant such as sprays over the whole body, and 4) checking for tick bites especially after exposure is anticipated, so you may receive care as quickly as possible if needed.
Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated for the prevention of Lyme disease. Antibiotics will be used after a tick bite when symptoms develop and an infection is suspected. The community health nurse should teach rules of prevention, including 1) knowing where Lyme disease is prevalent (New England, upper Midwest, mid-Atlantic states), 2) wearing long sleeves and long pants, covering as much skin as possible with clothing, 3) using insect repellant such as sprays over the whole body, and 4) checking for tick bites especially after exposure is anticipated, so you may receive care as quickly as possible if needed.
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Which of the following should be restricted in a patient with end-stage renal failure?
Which of the following should be restricted in a patient with end-stage renal failure?
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A patient with end-stage renal failure should be kept on a low-protein, low potassium diet. Fluid restriction is also an important part of management of patients with end-stage renal failure and patients on dialysis.
A patient with end-stage renal failure should be kept on a low-protein, low potassium diet. Fluid restriction is also an important part of management of patients with end-stage renal failure and patients on dialysis.
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You are the nurse taking care of a 15-year old male wrestler at a primary care clinic who complains of a raised, red, ring-like rash with central clearing on his lower back that he states is very itchy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
You are the nurse taking care of a 15-year old male wrestler at a primary care clinic who complains of a raised, red, ring-like rash with central clearing on his lower back that he states is very itchy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
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The correct answer is "Tinea corporis," which is also known colloquially as "ringworm."
The described case is a classic case for tinea corporis, in which the patient is a young athlete, often a wrestler (due to the frequent skin-to-skin or skin-to-mat contact in damp, sweaty environments), who presents with an itchy, red, ring-like rash that exhibits central clearing. The word "corporis" qualifies that the fungal dermatophyte infection ("tinea") is specifically located on the body/torso/back region.
The other choices are incorrect as tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp, tinea pedis is a fungal infection of the feet, tinea cruris is a fungal infection of the groin ("jock itch"), and tinea manuum is a fungal infection of the hands.
The correct answer is "Tinea corporis," which is also known colloquially as "ringworm."
The described case is a classic case for tinea corporis, in which the patient is a young athlete, often a wrestler (due to the frequent skin-to-skin or skin-to-mat contact in damp, sweaty environments), who presents with an itchy, red, ring-like rash that exhibits central clearing. The word "corporis" qualifies that the fungal dermatophyte infection ("tinea") is specifically located on the body/torso/back region.
The other choices are incorrect as tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp, tinea pedis is a fungal infection of the feet, tinea cruris is a fungal infection of the groin ("jock itch"), and tinea manuum is a fungal infection of the hands.
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You are the nurse taking care of an elderly patient with severe dementia and limited mobility who is at a high risk for developing a pressure ulcer. Which of the following options is the best first-line approach to preventing development of a pressure ulcer in this patient?
You are the nurse taking care of an elderly patient with severe dementia and limited mobility who is at a high risk for developing a pressure ulcer. Which of the following options is the best first-line approach to preventing development of a pressure ulcer in this patient?
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The correct answer is "Turning the patient multiple times per day." This is the correct answer because in the preventive stage for pressure ulcer management, there is no need to perform any invasive procedures, administer antibiotics in a patient who may be at high-risk for needing broad-spectrum antibiotics in the future (hence fostering antibiotic resistance), or consult subspecialty services (as there is no dermatological condition to be treated at the moment). The best option to prevent a pressure ulcer in a patient who is at high risk for developing a pressure ulcer is to turn the patient regularly while they are in bed, if they are bed-bound. By turning the patient, the high-pressure areas that would be at the highest risk for development of a pressure ulcer are able to have relief from pressure for a greater proportion of the day/night, and as such, can have blood flow restored while the patient is turned. By allowing for maximal blood flow to these regions, the risk of ischemia and subsequent infection and/or ulcer development is decreased. Without the actual development of an ulcer or infection, administering antibiotics, either topically, intramuscularly, or intravenously is inappropriate.
The correct answer is "Turning the patient multiple times per day." This is the correct answer because in the preventive stage for pressure ulcer management, there is no need to perform any invasive procedures, administer antibiotics in a patient who may be at high-risk for needing broad-spectrum antibiotics in the future (hence fostering antibiotic resistance), or consult subspecialty services (as there is no dermatological condition to be treated at the moment). The best option to prevent a pressure ulcer in a patient who is at high risk for developing a pressure ulcer is to turn the patient regularly while they are in bed, if they are bed-bound. By turning the patient, the high-pressure areas that would be at the highest risk for development of a pressure ulcer are able to have relief from pressure for a greater proportion of the day/night, and as such, can have blood flow restored while the patient is turned. By allowing for maximal blood flow to these regions, the risk of ischemia and subsequent infection and/or ulcer development is decreased. Without the actual development of an ulcer or infection, administering antibiotics, either topically, intramuscularly, or intravenously is inappropriate.
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You are a nurse in an emergency department and a patient presents with a 5 cm by 6 cm abscess on the dorsal aspect of his left hand. The hand is very painful, but he has full range of motion, and no sensory deficits. He is afebrile and has no systemic or localized symptoms aside from the abscess. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
You are a nurse in an emergency department and a patient presents with a 5 cm by 6 cm abscess on the dorsal aspect of his left hand. The hand is very painful, but he has full range of motion, and no sensory deficits. He is afebrile and has no systemic or localized symptoms aside from the abscess. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
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The correct answer is "incision and drainage of the abscess." This is the correct answer, because an abscess, by definition, is a walled off collection of pus and bacteria, that is typically impenetrable to topical or systemic antibiotics. The only way to truly resolve an abscess is to incise and drain it, such that the walled off material can be expelled, and the pressure and pain can be relieved. Further, the material should be sent for culture so that the patient can be placed on appropriate antibiotics if the physician deems it necessary for post-drainage care.
The other choices are incorrect. Surgical amputation of the affected hand would be a drastic measure for a localized abscess that is not otherwise causing limb ischemia or necrosis. Incision and drainage is a much more reasonable first step. Injecting a steroid into the abscess would be a potentially dangerous intervention as steroids decrease the body's immune response to infection, and as such, could increase the bacterial load within the abscess, allowing it to expand and become more serious. As mentioned earlier, topical and oral antibiotics would likely be impenetrable to the abscess and would be inappropriate first steps when the option of incision and drainage exists.
The correct answer is "incision and drainage of the abscess." This is the correct answer, because an abscess, by definition, is a walled off collection of pus and bacteria, that is typically impenetrable to topical or systemic antibiotics. The only way to truly resolve an abscess is to incise and drain it, such that the walled off material can be expelled, and the pressure and pain can be relieved. Further, the material should be sent for culture so that the patient can be placed on appropriate antibiotics if the physician deems it necessary for post-drainage care.
The other choices are incorrect. Surgical amputation of the affected hand would be a drastic measure for a localized abscess that is not otherwise causing limb ischemia or necrosis. Incision and drainage is a much more reasonable first step. Injecting a steroid into the abscess would be a potentially dangerous intervention as steroids decrease the body's immune response to infection, and as such, could increase the bacterial load within the abscess, allowing it to expand and become more serious. As mentioned earlier, topical and oral antibiotics would likely be impenetrable to the abscess and would be inappropriate first steps when the option of incision and drainage exists.
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What is the most common cause of renal failure in the United States?
What is the most common cause of renal failure in the United States?
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The most common cause of renal failure in the US is diabetic nephropathy due to diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy can include multiple complications including arteriosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, pyelonephritis and renal failure.
The most common cause of renal failure in the US is diabetic nephropathy due to diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy can include multiple complications including arteriosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, pyelonephritis and renal failure.
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Which of the following is an insect vector-borne illness?
Which of the following is an insect vector-borne illness?
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Insect vector-borne illnesses are given to humans through insects like ticks, mosquitoes, and chiggers. Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Ticks are the most common vector for rocky mountain spotted fever. Prevention of tick bites is a crucial teaching point in preventing the spread of the disease. Although misleading, the infection can be obtained throughout the United States of America. Roundworm is caused by a fungus. Rabies is a viral disease that is typically transmitted between mammals through bites. Cat scratch fever is a bacterial infection that can cause severe neurological, musculoskeletal, circulatory, and other system damage in immunocompromised individuals; in healthy people, no treatment is necessary and the infection is fought. Scabies causes extreme itchy red bumps commonly in between the fingers, on the wrist, and around the abdomen. The organism that causes this disease is actually in the arachnid family and is not an insect.
Insect vector-borne illnesses are given to humans through insects like ticks, mosquitoes, and chiggers. Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Ticks are the most common vector for rocky mountain spotted fever. Prevention of tick bites is a crucial teaching point in preventing the spread of the disease. Although misleading, the infection can be obtained throughout the United States of America. Roundworm is caused by a fungus. Rabies is a viral disease that is typically transmitted between mammals through bites. Cat scratch fever is a bacterial infection that can cause severe neurological, musculoskeletal, circulatory, and other system damage in immunocompromised individuals; in healthy people, no treatment is necessary and the infection is fought. Scabies causes extreme itchy red bumps commonly in between the fingers, on the wrist, and around the abdomen. The organism that causes this disease is actually in the arachnid family and is not an insect.
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An electrical worker has been brought to the emergency department after an electrical burn injury sustained while in the field. The possibility of additional injuries are greatly increased when dealing with this type of clinical scenario.
The nurse examining the client should be aware that .
An electrical worker has been brought to the emergency department after an electrical burn injury sustained while in the field. The possibility of additional injuries are greatly increased when dealing with this type of clinical scenario.
The nurse examining the client should be aware that .
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The risk for cervical spine injury is high due to electrical workers being subjected to having to work on utility poles that upon electrocution may lead to falls from tall heights. This possibility puts the person at risk for spinal and long bone fractures. Electrical burns often lead to damage below the surface of the skin and may not be fully appreciated on visual inspection. Chemical burns can lead to continual damage over 3 days, myoglobin in the blood stream from muscle damage puts the kidneys at risk for damage and the patient is usually at risk for metabolic acidosis not alkalosis.
The risk for cervical spine injury is high due to electrical workers being subjected to having to work on utility poles that upon electrocution may lead to falls from tall heights. This possibility puts the person at risk for spinal and long bone fractures. Electrical burns often lead to damage below the surface of the skin and may not be fully appreciated on visual inspection. Chemical burns can lead to continual damage over 3 days, myoglobin in the blood stream from muscle damage puts the kidneys at risk for damage and the patient is usually at risk for metabolic acidosis not alkalosis.
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A nurse is caring for a client experiencing the oliguric phase of acute kidney failure. The nurse is aware that this condition is highly associated with electrolyte imbalances, in addition to the kidney's inability to produce sufficient amounts of urine.
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor for?
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing the oliguric phase of acute kidney failure. The nurse is aware that this condition is highly associated with electrolyte imbalances, in addition to the kidney's inability to produce sufficient amounts of urine.
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor for?
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During the oliguric phase of acute kidney failure (AKF), the kidney is unable to excrete potassium properly, leading to high serum levels that could lead to dangerous ECG changes including peaked T waves and wide QRS complexes. The kidneys are also responsible for activating vitamin D allowing for proper calcium absorption from the GI which becomes decreased during AKF. Bicarbonate is also handled by the kidney and cannot be regenerated properly by the kidney during AKF.
During the oliguric phase of acute kidney failure (AKF), the kidney is unable to excrete potassium properly, leading to high serum levels that could lead to dangerous ECG changes including peaked T waves and wide QRS complexes. The kidneys are also responsible for activating vitamin D allowing for proper calcium absorption from the GI which becomes decreased during AKF. Bicarbonate is also handled by the kidney and cannot be regenerated properly by the kidney during AKF.
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Ed is an 85-year-old male who lives at a long-term care facility. He has recently begun having difficulty brushing his teeth, an activity he would previously complete on his own. He has also appeared to be more confused while engaging in basic conversation with the nursing staff. The nurse should first evaluate Ed for which of the following?
Ed is an 85-year-old male who lives at a long-term care facility. He has recently begun having difficulty brushing his teeth, an activity he would previously complete on his own. He has also appeared to be more confused while engaging in basic conversation with the nursing staff. The nurse should first evaluate Ed for which of the following?
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Changes in baseline cognition and functioning of older adults may be due to infection. Urinary tract infections frequently cause confusion. Evaluate for an underlying condition before testing for rare diseases or dementia.
Changes in baseline cognition and functioning of older adults may be due to infection. Urinary tract infections frequently cause confusion. Evaluate for an underlying condition before testing for rare diseases or dementia.
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The fact that an elementary school is shut down due to a measles outbreak is an example of a(n) .
The fact that an elementary school is shut down due to a measles outbreak is an example of a(n) .
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The terms outbreak and epidemic are very similar, except an outbreak is confined to a smaller place. Both indicate an increase in incidence of disease. An endemic disease is always present in the community in a low level. An example is the common cold. A pandemic is an epidemic that occurs across multiple continents. A sporadic disease disease occurs randomly or in scattered incidence.
The terms outbreak and epidemic are very similar, except an outbreak is confined to a smaller place. Both indicate an increase in incidence of disease. An endemic disease is always present in the community in a low level. An example is the common cold. A pandemic is an epidemic that occurs across multiple continents. A sporadic disease disease occurs randomly or in scattered incidence.
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A 3-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric medical unit from the emergency department with suspected rheumatic fever. Which of the following is not indicative of rheumatic fever?
A 3-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric medical unit from the emergency department with suspected rheumatic fever. Which of the following is not indicative of rheumatic fever?
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Rheumatic fever presents with a red rash over the trunk and extremities, fever, and a sore throat. It is caused by an untreated Streptococcus infection in the previous 2-6 weeks, such as strep throat, and can be confirmed with a positive antistreptolysin O titer.
Rheumatic fever presents with a red rash over the trunk and extremities, fever, and a sore throat. It is caused by an untreated Streptococcus infection in the previous 2-6 weeks, such as strep throat, and can be confirmed with a positive antistreptolysin O titer.
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A nurse is teaching a 20-year-old male client newly diagnosed with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2.
All of the following teaching points in regards to this condition should be included except which of these?
A nurse is teaching a 20-year-old male client newly diagnosed with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2.
All of the following teaching points in regards to this condition should be included except which of these?
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Nystatin is an anti fungal medication, not effective in treating viral infections such HSV. Antiviral medications such as acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir would be prescribed to control symptoms and shorten episodes. These drugs are not curative.
Nystatin is an anti fungal medication, not effective in treating viral infections such HSV. Antiviral medications such as acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir would be prescribed to control symptoms and shorten episodes. These drugs are not curative.
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A 35-year-old male has just been admitted to the emergency department in a sickle cell crisis. The nurse caring for this client is aware of the signs and symptoms associated with this condition.
The proper nursing management for this patient should include which of these?
A 35-year-old male has just been admitted to the emergency department in a sickle cell crisis. The nurse caring for this client is aware of the signs and symptoms associated with this condition.
The proper nursing management for this patient should include which of these?
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A sickle cell crisis will require interventions to control the client's pain due to widespread tissue ischemia. Oxygen is needed to treat hypoxia and control the amount of red bood cell sickling. Blood transfusions are usually not first line treatment in a crisis.
A sickle cell crisis will require interventions to control the client's pain due to widespread tissue ischemia. Oxygen is needed to treat hypoxia and control the amount of red bood cell sickling. Blood transfusions are usually not first line treatment in a crisis.
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The SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) criteria includes which of the following?
The SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) criteria includes which of the following?
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The SIRS criteria includes 4 factors. 1.) temperature greater than 
or less than 
2.) A respiratory rate > 20, or 
< 
, 3.) Heart rate greater than 
, and 4.) 
, 
, or immature neutrophils greater than 10% bands. To meet the SIRS definition must have 2 or more of these findings.
The SIRS criteria includes 4 factors. 1.) temperature greater than
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