Pharmacology - NCLEX-PN
Card 1 of 2292
The nurse is preparing to administer 250,000 units of medication to a patient. The ampule sent from the pharmacy contains 500,000 units/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?
The nurse is preparing to administer 250,000 units of medication to a patient. The ampule sent from the pharmacy contains 500,000 units/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?
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The medication dose formula is as follows: Milliliters to be administered = (Dose to be administered)/(Available solution). Thus, the calculation for this problem is (250,000 units)/(500,000 units/mL) = 0.5 mL
The medication dose formula is as follows: Milliliters to be administered = (Dose to be administered)/(Available solution). Thus, the calculation for this problem is (250,000 units)/(500,000 units/mL) = 0.5 mL
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The nurse is preparing to administer 100,000 units of medication to a patient. The ampule sent from the pharmacy contains 600,000 units/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?
The nurse is preparing to administer 100,000 units of medication to a patient. The ampule sent from the pharmacy contains 600,000 units/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?
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The medication dose formula is as follows: Milliliters to be administered = (Dose to be administered)/(Available solution). Thus, the calculation for this problem is (100,000 units)/(600,000 units/mL) = 0 mL mL
The medication dose formula is as follows: Milliliters to be administered = (Dose to be administered)/(Available solution). Thus, the calculation for this problem is (100,000 units)/(600,000 units/mL) = 0 mL mL
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The nurse is preparing a bag of heparin sodium solution with a mix of 120,000 units/400 mL intravenously. At what rate should the nurse set the infusion pump if intending to deliver 1800 units/hr?
The nurse is preparing a bag of heparin sodium solution with a mix of 120,000 units/400 mL intravenously. At what rate should the nurse set the infusion pump if intending to deliver 1800 units/hr?
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The required rate can be calculated as follows: (Delivered units/hr x mL)/units. Thus, the answer can be calculated as (1800 units/hr x 400 mL)/120,000 units = 6.0 mL/hr
The required rate can be calculated as follows: (Delivered units/hr x mL)/units. Thus, the answer can be calculated as (1800 units/hr x 400 mL)/120,000 units = 6.0 mL/hr
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Which of the following is the preferred location of intramuscular (IM) injection in infants?
Which of the following is the preferred location of intramuscular (IM) injection in infants?
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The vastus lateralis is the preferred site of injection in infants. Rectus femoris injections may be preformed as a second choice. The dorsogluteal site should not be used in infants as the muscle is not developed and there is risk associated with the location of the sciatic nerve. Deltoid injections may be given to older children when the muscle becomes larger.
The vastus lateralis is the preferred site of injection in infants. Rectus femoris injections may be preformed as a second choice. The dorsogluteal site should not be used in infants as the muscle is not developed and there is risk associated with the location of the sciatic nerve. Deltoid injections may be given to older children when the muscle becomes larger.
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The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a 4.8 pound infant. The nurse should position the needle at which angle?
The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a 4.8 pound infant. The nurse should position the needle at which angle?
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The preferred angle for intramuscular (IM) injections is 90 degrees. However, very small infants may require that the injection be given at a 45 degree angle. Based on patient condition, it is the nurse's responsibility to assess the needs of the patient and adjust care as appropriate.
The preferred angle for intramuscular (IM) injections is 90 degrees. However, very small infants may require that the injection be given at a 45 degree angle. Based on patient condition, it is the nurse's responsibility to assess the needs of the patient and adjust care as appropriate.
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The new pediatric nurse has just given a suppository to a 5-year-old boy. He has a bowel movement 7 minutes post administration. Which action should the nurse take next?
The new pediatric nurse has just given a suppository to a 5-year-old boy. He has a bowel movement 7 minutes post administration. Which action should the nurse take next?
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First, examine the stool for the suppository. Based on the findings, inform the physician. If the suppository was fully present in the stool, the physician may want to prescribe another dose. If not, he may choose to re-order half of the prescribed dose or none at all.
First, examine the stool for the suppository. Based on the findings, inform the physician. If the suppository was fully present in the stool, the physician may want to prescribe another dose. If not, he may choose to re-order half of the prescribed dose or none at all.
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The nurse has just administered the first doses of the following medications. Which is most likely the cause of a new-onset headache?
The nurse has just administered the first doses of the following medications. Which is most likely the cause of a new-onset headache?
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The development of a headache is most likely a side effect of pantoprazole (a proton-pump inhibitor). Sumatriptan is a medication that is commonly used to relieve migraine headaches. Metoclopromide may cause restlessness and anxiety. Sucralfate may cause constipation. Side effects are rarely seen with magnesium hydroxide, they include nausea, constipation, and aluminum deficiency due to overexcretion via binding phosphate in the stomach.
The development of a headache is most likely a side effect of pantoprazole (a proton-pump inhibitor). Sumatriptan is a medication that is commonly used to relieve migraine headaches. Metoclopromide may cause restlessness and anxiety. Sucralfate may cause constipation. Side effects are rarely seen with magnesium hydroxide, they include nausea, constipation, and aluminum deficiency due to overexcretion via binding phosphate in the stomach.
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The pediatric nurse must convince a 4-year-old boy to take his medication. Which phrase is the most acceptable?
The pediatric nurse must convince a 4-year-old boy to take his medication. Which phrase is the most acceptable?
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When convincing a child to take medicine, be straightforward and clear. Try not to offer the child a choice, as they likely won't take it. Stay away from using bribery, punishment, or comparing medicine to candy. Be honest about the taste of the medicine or risk losing the trust of the child.
When convincing a child to take medicine, be straightforward and clear. Try not to offer the child a choice, as they likely won't take it. Stay away from using bribery, punishment, or comparing medicine to candy. Be honest about the taste of the medicine or risk losing the trust of the child.
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Which of the following laboratory values would indicate toxicity in the client taking acetaminophen daily?
Which of the following laboratory values would indicate toxicity in the client taking acetaminophen daily?
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A direct bilirubin level of 2mg/dL or greater indicates acetaminophen toxicity.
A direct bilirubin level of 2mg/dL or greater indicates acetaminophen toxicity.
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The pediatric nurse is summoned to a room by the parents of a 2-year-old child. The peripheral IV line has been removed by the patient. When starting a new line, the nurse carefully chooses placement. The nurse should attempt to start the IV .
The pediatric nurse is summoned to a room by the parents of a 2-year-old child. The peripheral IV line has been removed by the patient. When starting a new line, the nurse carefully chooses placement. The nurse should attempt to start the IV .
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Most peripheral IV's are started in the right or left arm. Distal to the arm would mean closest to the fingertips. When starting an IV, always start looking for potential sites closest to the fingertips and work upwards. If a vein is punctured and becomes unusable, it is possible to move above the previous attempt and start a successful IV.
Most peripheral IV's are started in the right or left arm. Distal to the arm would mean closest to the fingertips. When starting an IV, always start looking for potential sites closest to the fingertips and work upwards. If a vein is punctured and becomes unusable, it is possible to move above the previous attempt and start a successful IV.
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Which of the following analgesics is available in "lollipop" form?
Which of the following analgesics is available in "lollipop" form?
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Fentanyl citrate comes in solid form on a stick (often referred to as a "fentanyl lollipop"). This form is 80-100 times more potent than morphine and intended for use by cancer patients and patients that have become tolerant to opioids.
Fentanyl citrate comes in solid form on a stick (often referred to as a "fentanyl lollipop"). This form is 80-100 times more potent than morphine and intended for use by cancer patients and patients that have become tolerant to opioids.
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Which of the following is an antidote to opioid overdose?
Which of the following is an antidote to opioid overdose?
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Naloxone antidotes opioid overdose by competitively binding to μ-opioid receptors. Flumazenil is an antidote to benzodiazepines. Glucagon is an antidote for beta blocker overdose. N-acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen.
Naloxone antidotes opioid overdose by competitively binding to μ-opioid receptors. Flumazenil is an antidote to benzodiazepines. Glucagon is an antidote for beta blocker overdose. N-acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen.
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Which of the following over-the-counter analgesics is one of the most common causes of liver failure in the United States?
Which of the following over-the-counter analgesics is one of the most common causes of liver failure in the United States?
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Acetaminophen in doses over 3000mg per day can result in significant liver damage or liver failure. From 1998 to 2003, acetaminophen was the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States. According to a population-based report in 2007 there are an estimated 1600 cases of acute liver failure in the United States every year, with acetaminophen being the most common etiology.
Acetaminophen in doses over 3000mg per day can result in significant liver damage or liver failure. From 1998 to 2003, acetaminophen was the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States. According to a population-based report in 2007 there are an estimated 1600 cases of acute liver failure in the United States every year, with acetaminophen being the most common etiology.
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Celecoxib is what class of drug?
Celecoxib is what class of drug?
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Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). These drugs work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which reduces the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxane.
Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). These drugs work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which reduces the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxane.
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Levodopa is not generally given alone due to what side effects?
Levodopa is not generally given alone due to what side effects?
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Levodopa (L-DOPA), a common treatment for Parkinson's disease, is generally given in combination with carbidopa or another peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor. This is because levodopa alone will stimulate dopamine receptors in the GI tract and the chemotrigger receptor zone (CTZ) in the brain, resulting in nausea, vomiting and anorexia. A peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor prevents levodopa from being prematurely converted into dopamine in the adrenal glands or other peripheral tissues.
Levodopa (L-DOPA), a common treatment for Parkinson's disease, is generally given in combination with carbidopa or another peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor. This is because levodopa alone will stimulate dopamine receptors in the GI tract and the chemotrigger receptor zone (CTZ) in the brain, resulting in nausea, vomiting and anorexia. A peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor prevents levodopa from being prematurely converted into dopamine in the adrenal glands or other peripheral tissues.
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How does adalimumab function to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis?
How does adalimumab function to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis?
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Adalimumab is a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitor. This class of drugs suppresses response to TNF-alpha, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. Inhibition of folic acid metabolism is the method of action of methotrexate. Reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the mechanism of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen. Rheumatoid arthritis drugs such as rituximab, and almost all drugs that end in -mab, including adalimumab function as monoclonal antibodies.
Adalimumab is a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitor. This class of drugs suppresses response to TNF-alpha, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. Inhibition of folic acid metabolism is the method of action of methotrexate. Reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the mechanism of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen. Rheumatoid arthritis drugs such as rituximab, and almost all drugs that end in -mab, including adalimumab function as monoclonal antibodies.
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Jane is a 49-year-old woman who has recently had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placed. The nurse is teaching Jane how to flush her PICC. She knows that the teaching was effective when Jane states which of the following?
Jane is a 49-year-old woman who has recently had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placed. The nurse is teaching Jane how to flush her PICC. She knows that the teaching was effective when Jane states which of the following?
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One should always use a 10mL syringe or larger to flush a PICC line. Smaller syringes place greater pressure on the line which could result in damage. For example, a 3mL syringe places greater pressure on a PICC line than a 5mL syringe.
One should always use a 10mL syringe or larger to flush a PICC line. Smaller syringes place greater pressure on the line which could result in damage. For example, a 3mL syringe places greater pressure on a PICC line than a 5mL syringe.
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Which of the following is an appropriate reason to delay antibiotic administration in a stable patient?
Which of the following is an appropriate reason to delay antibiotic administration in a stable patient?
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Obtaining a set of blood cultures before treating a bacterial infection helps to individualize care and reduce antibiotic resistance (using a narrow-spectrum antibiotic doesn't work against so many types of bacteria). By identifying specific bacteria in the blood, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic may be chosen. A physician may prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic initially and change treatment later based on the results of the blood cultures.
Obtaining a set of blood cultures before treating a bacterial infection helps to individualize care and reduce antibiotic resistance (using a narrow-spectrum antibiotic doesn't work against so many types of bacteria). By identifying specific bacteria in the blood, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic may be chosen. A physician may prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic initially and change treatment later based on the results of the blood cultures.
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A nurse is teaching a mother how to administer nystatin to her 2-month-old child in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Which of the following is an appropriate instruction given by the nurse to the mother?
A nurse is teaching a mother how to administer nystatin to her 2-month-old child in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Which of the following is an appropriate instruction given by the nurse to the mother?
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Apply medication to the mouth using a cotton-tipped applicator. Give the medication after meals and avoid rinsing the mouth. The medication should have contact with the mucosa without being washed away. Do not place the medication in a child's bottle, they may refuse to eat due to the bitter taste of the medication. Do not use a syringe to squirt the liquid to the back of the mouth since the child will likely spit it out.
Apply medication to the mouth using a cotton-tipped applicator. Give the medication after meals and avoid rinsing the mouth. The medication should have contact with the mucosa without being washed away. Do not place the medication in a child's bottle, they may refuse to eat due to the bitter taste of the medication. Do not use a syringe to squirt the liquid to the back of the mouth since the child will likely spit it out.
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When performing a blood transfusion, which of the following procedures should not be adhered to in order to ensure safe delivery of blood product to the patient?
When performing a blood transfusion, which of the following procedures should not be adhered to in order to ensure safe delivery of blood product to the patient?
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All are true except for the use of lactated Ringer's this may cause a hemolytic reaction, only normal saline 0.9% is utilized.
All are true except for the use of lactated Ringer's this may cause a hemolytic reaction, only normal saline 0.9% is utilized.
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