Diagnostic Test 1

In a randomized trial, 20 dense-city blocks that received new pocket parks showed an average 1.2 degrees Fahrenheit drop in nighttime surface temperature compared with matched control blocks, even after adjusting for income and air conditioner ownership.

Wealthier neighborhoods have more trees and lower nighttime temperatures than poorer neighborhoods in the same city.

In resident interviews across five cities, people living near pocket parks reported feeling cooler during July evenings than people living near large parks.

During an unusually cool summer, the city's average nighttime temperature fell by 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit compared with the previous year.